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BEST AVAELABLE CGP.

'T. L DENNIS, JR. SYNCHRONIZING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED NOV-17.1917.

1,432,055. Patented Oct. 17, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET I.

T. L. DENNIS, JR. Mil-ABLE SYNCHRONIZING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED NOV-17' I911 1,432,055, Patented Oct 17, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEEI 2.

Z 69 8mm THOMHS L-DENN\S A B 1 9 din"! AVAZLABLE 31: T. L. DENNIS, JR. Smcuaomzme MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. H. I917.

Patented Oct 17,1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEEI 3.

x525 iiiiiiiiiil==5 THOMH'S L TDENN 51 BEST AvAzLmBLE 1?;

Patented Oct. 17,1922.

5 inns-sum 4.

THOMHS L.DEN N IS JR.

T. L. DENNIS, In. v

MLA ifi svucunomzme MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 1?, 917.

Patented Oct. 17, 1922.

5 $HEETSSHEE1 5.

Patented Oct. 17, 1922.

UNITED STATES PATENT 50mm.

srnonnomzrne MECHANISM.

Application filed. November 17, 1917. Serial lilo.

T 0 all whom itmag concern:

Be .it known that I, THOMAS L. DENNIS, J r., a citizen of the United States, residing at Staten Island, in the county of Rich mond and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Synchronizing Mechanism, of which the following is a specification, refer ence being bad to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to an improved synchronizing mechanism for moving picture film projecting machine and phonographs, display advertising, electric signs, stereopticon lectures, and for use in connection with analogous machines or apparatus where it is desired to operate the machines synchronously.

lroadly, also, the invention includes synchronizing one or more sound reproducing or musical instruments with the kinematograph, kinetoscope or other apparatus for producing animated or moving pictures; and it also broadly includes synchronizing a plurality of sound reproducing or musical instruments, stated broadly and without limitation to any particular such mechanism, irrespective of the moving picture apparatus.

It is the primary purpose of my invention to devise a relatively simple electromechanical -mechanism which .will automatically control the operation of a phonograph and a moving picture projecting apparatus whereby a monologue, dialogue, vocal or instrumental music, or sound of any other nature will be reproduced in absolute synchronism with the successive projection of the film pictures upon the screen,

It is one of the important objects of my invention to insure the instant discontinuance of the operation of the phonograph in accordance with the reproduction of the photo play, and the immediate resumption of the operation of thesound reproduclng machine at maximum speed and at the proper times. v v

It is further one of the more particular objects of the invention to provide an improved brake andelectrical means to release the brake. i

It is also an object of my invention to provide a synchronizing mechanism the operation of which is primarily controlled through the medium ofa perforated tape a iwisii xr 'vs own, preferablydrlven by a sprocket Wheelnand chain gearing; In case the synchronizing means be driven from a moving picture" pro-j jecting apparatus, 'so as to synchronize the moving pictureswith the sound reproducing or musical instruments, provision should I I v l '1 be made for the case of breaking ontearmg out of pictures 'from the' fihn. Thi'sis'in f order to maintain the .synchronism "between the moving pictures and the accompanying talking or musical apparatus; i

In the case of breakagein the film, or the tearing out of a section thereof containin a number of consecutive Tpictures, it is a well known practice for the moving picture operator tobring the broken ends of thefilm togetherpthus shortening the film by the number of pictures torn out. To'meet this situation and maintain the synchronismbetween the movingpictures andthe'vocal accompaniment, I propose to tear outan equal or corresponding section from the tape in the synchronizer.

My improved synchronizing mechanism is also readily adaptable to use in conjunction witha multiplicityof sound reproduc ing machines, which mayoperate. concurrently, or which may be"successivelyiand independently operated when the photo play is of such length that all of'the spoken Words or other sounds to be reproduced during the action of the play cannot be contained von a single record.

Further it is one of the detail objects of the invention to provide improved means whereby the perforated tape or web may be easily and quickly adjusted without operating the synchronizing mechanism It is also the general object and purpose of the present invention toc provide a synchronizing mechanism as above characterized which reliable in itsoperatiomrel atively simple in construction andnot liable to getout of order. and which may be used in connection with moving pictureprojecting machines now known in the art, with out necessitating jny alterationswhatever in the construction thereof. I

\Vith the above and other objects in view the invention consists in the combination, construction and relative. arrangement of the several parts hereinafter more fully de'-' scribed in detail, subsequently claimed and illustrated the accompanying drawings BEST AVAELABLE COP".

in which similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several'i ieivs'; and wherein Figure 1 is a side elevation illustrating the mounting and arrangement of the-tape.

or web reel and spool the operating means for the synchronizing mechanism-and- 'the jenlarged side elevation of rnie'fofjthe reproducing machines and tli e 'tiralr'e controlling means therefor; 20"

Figure'lO is a section taken on the line 10 -10 of Figure 1'; at 1 'fFig'ure '11 is a detail elevation illustrating a slightly modified means for closing the circuit of the escapement inech'a'nism through the perforated tape.

F igure 12 is a diagrammatic view illustrating -the circuits for the escapement mechanisms of the sound reproducing machines;

Figure 131s a similar vlew showing the circuit for the brake devices of the several sound recording machines; Figure 14 isa detail elevation of certain of the .parts of the mechanism; and

"Figure'15 is a detail' view of certain other parts of thejmechanism. 50

Figure 16 is an end view of the parts shown' in Figure 15.

- v Referring'in detail to the drawings 5 des ign a'tesfth'e.spaced'uprights of a supporting frame which are rigidly connectedat spaced points'as," indicated at, 6. The frame uprights atftheir upper ends are formed with suitahlebearings seats 7 to receive the ends of thereel shaft or spindle 8. '9 designates the; upper reel and 10 the lower reel, the

latter'bei'ng mounted between the frame uprights 5.i'n'a manner which will be hereinafter "mom particularly described. These reels riiiay be of'the usual sheet metal skeletoriized'constructio'n such as aregenerally employed in a moving picture projecting apparatus. Upon one end of the shaft 11 of the lower reel 10 a sprocketl2 is fixed. The frame uprights 5" at one side of the lower reel 10 are formed with laterally projecting '.portions in which: a feed shaft13 is mounted.

()n this shaft a sleeve 14: is loosely engaged and is provided upon one end with a peripherally toothed feed wheel 15, preferably integrahwith s'aid' sleeve. A similar Wheel 16 is engaged on the other end of said sleeve and between these feed wheels 15 and 16 a cylindrical bushing 17of insulating material surrounds the metal'sleevez 14. This bushing is peripherallygrooved to receive'the me'tal current conducting band 'orsleeve 18.

' The feed wheel 16 is retained in place on the sleeve 14 by 'nieans of a collaror nut'l9 threaded on the end of said sleeve. 1

To 'one end of thesha'ft 13, a flanged collar 20 is secured by means of the screw or bolt 21 which is .axially threaded in the end of said shaft. Thecollari2'O is 'also'preferablyi'provided'tvith"ribs or keys indicated at20"toengage in grooves in'the face of the shaft 13. A sleeve 22 is loosely engaged upon the latter end of the *shaft 13 and is provided upon one end at diametrically opposite points with longitudinally projecting key lugs 23 wh'ichare movable through correspondingly located openings 24 in the flange of the collar 20. A pinion 25 is fixed on the other end of'the sleeve22 and is provided upon one face with'an annular series of teeth 26 with which diametrically opposed teeth 26' on one face of-the feed wheel 15 are adaptedftoen'gage. flange 27 is spaced from the opposite face of the pinion 12.5 and is integral with said pinion to provide an annular groove which receives the forked or bifurcatedend of the leaf spring 28, the other end of which is suitably secured to the inner'face of 'one of the frame uprights 5. This spring normally acts to yieldingly hold the teeth 26 on thepinion.

25 in engagement with the teeth 26 upon the feed wheel 15, thus locking the feed Wheels 15 and 16 to the shaft 13throughthe medium of the key lugs 23 and the collar "20 so that all parts'willhave a unitary rotation. A'pin 29 is'motfahlethrough the frame uprights 5 "and isronneetediat its inner. end-to the leaf spring adjacent the free "end thereof. By pullingthis pin outwardly, the spring is flexed and the sleeve22 and pinion 25 'is forced ou'ttvardl'y onthe end of the.

shaft 13 so as to disengage-the teeth'26 on said pinion from the teeth 26 'on. thefe'e;"l wheel 15. The reasonan'd purpose of this particular mounting andoperating means forthe circuit closing sleeve "18 'will hereinafter become apparent. On the other'end of the slut ft '13 a relatively large's procket 'wheel 30 is fixed. 31 designatesthe drive chain which traverses thisisprocketfwheel 30. 'One stretch of this chain passes'over the sprocket a supply, source.

wheel 12 on the lower reel shaft 11. This chain is engagedaround a' sprocket wheel fixed upon one of the constant speed shafts ofthe picture projecting machine indicated at 38. As above indicated, however, the sprocket wheel 32 may be driven by means other than-the picture projecting machine, assay where-sound reproducing or musical instruments areto be synchronized with each other for combined and independent musical effect without the accompaniment of the moving pictures;

"'A second sh ft '34is journaled in the laterally projecting portions of the frame uprights-5 and disposed in parallel relation t-o the 'shaft13; On one end of this shaft 34 a pinion 35 is keyed or otherwise suitably fined'and has meshing engagement with the pinion 25 on-the shaft 13. Upon the central portion-of the shaft 34 and suitably insulated-from said shaft and from each other therings 86- are arranged, said rings being ofcopper orother metal of high electrical conductivity. Each of these rings is formed with an annular groove 37 opening upon one side face of the ring. The body of the ringis further provided with a. plurality of spacedradially extending openings 38 communicating with said groove. In each of these openings, a pin 39 is loosely engaged, and said pin is provided intermediatebf its ends with a notch 40 in its periphery to receive one edge of a resilient sheet metal annulus 41 which is engaged in. the groove37 and normally in contact-with. the outer peripheral wall of said'grooveh This-resilient band or annulus 'actsto urge the series of pins 39 outwardly and project their outer ends slightly beyond the peripheral face of the ring 36.

42-designates a tape or web of paper or other insulating .material. An obsolete moving-picture film may also be utilized. This-tape 42 is wound upon the reel 9, and the end of 'the tape connected to the lower r'eel-10, saidtape passing around the conducting sleeve 18 and between the same and the series of'rings 36, as clearly shown in Figure 1 of the drawings. A resilient contact 43 has frictional bearingengagement at. its free, end-upon the periphery of the sleeve 18, the-other end of said-contactbeing engaged with the terminal of a wire 44, whichfurnishes a'current from a suitable This wire terminal and the springicontact 43 are fixedto a bar of insulatingtmaterial indicated at 45 secured to the, reel',.frau e. To a 'secondrinsulating bar 46-mounte'd in the reel frame, a series of resilientmetalbrushes 47 are fixed at 'one ofz their ends, said brushes corresponding in. number to the Qnumber ofrings- 36 and having longitudinal slots 48in their other endsqto accommodate the projecting ends of the-pins 39in the reavaaaere one.

spective rings. The latter ends of the brushes are slightly curved and have resilient frictional engagement upon the peripheral faces of the rings 36. A current conducting wire 49 is connected to each brush 4'? through the medium of which the brake control magnets of a series of sound reproducingniachines indicated at50 are energized. The particular construction .and manner of operation of the brake control mechanism will be subsequentlyrelated The tape or web 42'is provided adjacent each of its side edges with spaced perforations 51 in which the cogs or teeth'ofithe feed wheels 15 and 16 are adapted to engage. The tape 42 is also provided with additional longitudinally extending spaced rows of perforations 52, preferably of rectangular shape and through these latter rows of perforations, the ends of the pins 39 carried by the respective rings ;36 are adapted to enand contact with the current conducting sleeve 18. Each of the latter perforations in the tape corresponds to one picture upon the film of the projecting apparatus where such apparatus is employed, where four ofthe feed openings or perforations in the film correspond to one of the pictures. A one thousand foot moving picture film theixefore requires 250 feet of the tape or obsolete film which controls the synchronizing mechanism of the phonograph. If the film of the picture apparatus should break so that it is necessary to remove a number of pictures. a section of the tape 42 havingthe same number of holes or perforations .52 therein is removed at a point nearest to where the break occurs and behind it at a point where the phonograph is not operated. ()r if desired, in lieu of this method, and in order to maintain absolute synchronism in the operation of the projecting apparatus and the phonograph. a section ofplain film equivalent in length to the mutilated portion of the moving picture film which is removed may be substituted. In produc ing the phonographic records, advantage should be taken of those situations in the action of the play where no sound or spoken words is required from the record to stop and start, so that provision can be made for breaks in the film. Considerable space on the record disk may also be saved.

Each of the phonographs 50 includes a table 53 having a hub 54 which is provided with ai gear 55. Between the hub-54 and a standard 56 rising from a suitable base, antifriction bearings 57 are arranged. The table 53 which is of relatively small diameter supports the record disk indicated at B. This disk is provided with'a plurality of openings in spaced concentric relation to its axis which receive the ends of pins or studs 58 fixed in the table '53 wherebythe record disk is held against shifting move- AVAiLABLE see:

ment with respectto the supporting table. The disk R is further provided with a central opening to receive a rod or bolt 59 which also extends through an axial opening in the table 53 and has threaded engagement in a bore formed in the standard 56. This rod or bolt is provided with a knurled head 60 for clamping engagement upon the center of the disk R.

-61 designates the driving gear for the record disk table which has constant meshing engagement with the .gear 55, said driving gear being operated by aspring or any other preferred motive power. The gears 55 and 61 are of such ratio as to rotate the, record table at the proper speed. The ratio illustrated in the accompanying drawing will produce a maximum operating speed of 90 revolutions per minute. Of course, in order to obtain absolute synchronism in the operation of the projecting-apparatus and the phonograph, it is'essentia-l that the rotation of the record table'shall be started at a maximum speed. In order to attain immediate maximum speed when the circuit is closed, therefore, I employ, inaddition to the usual spring motor for the phonograph, shown in Figure 4 and indicated by the reference character M, the two magnetically operated clutch levers 100, 100, located on diametrically opposite sides .of the record disc B. These two levers are pressed against the edges of the disc by the springs 106, 106, which latter are provided with tension regulating screws 107, 107 and their adjusting nuts. When the circuit is open the two levers 100, 100 act as brake levers, under the impulse of their springs 106, 106. But when the circuit is closed they are drawn powerfully'toward their solenoids 98, 98, and since they'are still pressed against the disc R by their springs 106, 106 they instantly drag the disc R forward at full speed until they are dragged by their solenoids up onto the beveled lugs 102, 102, away from the disc. But in this short movement the disc has attained full maximum speed by the powerful pull of the solenoids 98, 98 and their clutch levers 100, 100, in addition to'the pull of the usual motor M (see Fig. 4). As soon as the clutch levers 100, 100 are dragged up onto the beveled lugs 102, 102, free of the periphery of the disc R, the disc is freed therefrom and being already at full maximum speed, will so continue. When,- however, the current is a ain out off and the solenoids deenergized? the springs 106,106 will again pull the levers 100, 100 down 011? from the lugs 102, 102 onto the edge of the disc R,- whereupon they will act as brake levers to bring the record disc from full'maximum speed to instant stark' stand still. Hencel'the levers 100, 100 alternately perform the function of driving clutch levers and stopping and holding brake levers. They are brought into action as driving clutch levers by the solenoids 98, 98 which are energized by the first. escapement impulse. Hence it IS obvious that the only-thing required, to bring the record disc from stark stand still to instant maximum-speed is that the springs 106, 106 be suflicientl --tensioned to prevent any slipping of the c utchlevers 100, 100 on the edge of the disc R and that 213116 solenoids he sufiiciently energized "to drag" the clutch --levers 100, 100 and thus the record gdisc R up to instant maximum speed in'the short space before the levers are dragged up .onto the beveled lugs 102, 102 free of the disc. This is preciselykwhat I dotto start the disc at maximum speedand then to again bring it to instant stark stand still. it will. also be noted that -when ;the disc is being again brought to instant stark stand-still the levers are moving frictionally onthe edgeoflthe disc under the pressure ofthe springs 106, 106, in a direction the reverse of the movement of the disc,-.'thus serving to overcome the momentum of the disc and bring it instantly to the stark stand still position of rest.

- The means ordinarily employed for starting the disc record of a phonograph is the usual motor, here shown as M, and the disc record comes gradually up to full speed. This is the method with the popular phonograph in common use. But here, where synchronism is required between a plurality of mechanisms, with one machine running full speed and another starting in, the latter must of course start in also at full speed. Hence we must employ means in addition to the motor to give sufficient power to force the disc record to start at maximum speed; but such additional powerful means may be discontinued immediately the record is brought up to full speed. a

It is obvious that the method above described =will meet these requirements, and we will now describe it in detail. But in order to close the circuit and start the disc record, one impulse of the escapement is required, and we therefore also provide means for starting the escapement :at maximum speed. Hence we will first describe in detail the latter means and'then the means in detail for starting the record'disc'atzmaximum speed, .as' above broadly-indicated. w

v In the='base*or";be'd plate of the phonograph a vertically disposed rod or axis 62 is rotatably "mounted in spaced relation to the table supporting pedestal or "standard56, said axis extending-through openingsin the spaced arms 63 of a-castirig' 6ewliich'is suitably secured uponthe bed plate. Between the arms 63, a sleeve or collar 65 is suitably fixed'upon the axis 62 and has an annular flange 66 formed on one ofits ends. An annular insulatingring 67 offlchannel shaped form in cross section :is engaged upon said ing the teeth formed thereon is of increased thickness to provide an annular shoulder indicated at '71 in the outer side of the ratchet. These shoulders on the respective ratchets are frictionally engaged by the resilient metal contact plates 72 which are fixed at one of their ends upon an insulating bar 73 secured to the upright64. '74; designzltes a double pawl which is oscillatably mounted between the conical bearing screws 75 secured in the ends of the arms 63. The end portions of this-pawl on opposite sides of the bearing screws are laterally offset, each of said end portions having a single tooth 76 disposed in the plane of the respective ratchet wheels 69 for engagement with the teeth thereof. Each end of the pawl 74: is formed with a terminal lug 77 which is opposed to the core of one of the clectromagnets '78 mounted upon the base or bed plate of the phonograph. The pawl 74 is held against casual oscillation by the leaf springs 74: the tension of which may be adjusted by means of the screws 7d. It will be understood that a starting and stopping mechanism is provided for each of the -in diridual phonographs which may be used in conjunction with the moving picture apparatus. One of the wires 19 is connected to the corresponding terminals of the magnets 78, while the other terminals of the magnets 78 are connected by means of wires 79 to the fixed ends of the respective spring contact plates 72.

To the upper end ofthe casting 64 a horizontally disposed arm 80 is fixed at one of its ends. A gear 81 which is in constant meshing engagement with the gear 61 is provided with a shaft or axis 82 oneend of which is rotatably mounted in the other end of the arm 80, said gear being held in its assembled position upon the arm by. means of a set screw 83 which has threaded engagement in the end of the gear axis extending through the arm. The other end of the gear axis 82 is formed with a bore 8 1 to receive the upper end of the escapeinent ratchet shaft62. The gear '81 is further provided on one face with an enlarged hub 85 surrounding the axis 82, and upon said hub a flanged sleeve 86 of insulatin g material is engaged. A metal sleeve 87 is in turn fixed upon this insulating sleeve and projects beyond the gear hub 85, such projectii'ig portion of the sleeve having an annular groove 88, in its outer peripheral face. The base wall of this groove is provided with an arcuate slot or opening 89. A

split resilient metal contact strip 90 is engaged in the groove 88 and is capable of a circumferential movement I therein. One end of this split contact band is angularly offset as at 91 and extends through the-opening 89 in the sleeve 87, the terminal of said offset end of .the band extending in concentric spaced relation to the inner wall of the sleeve.

An annular collar 92 is disposed upon the shaft 62 between-the upper casting. arm. 63 and the sleeve 87 the body wall'of said annular collar being disposed in spaced concentric relation to the shaft 62. One end of this collar is reduced in diameter as at 93 and keyed orotherwise fixed to the shaft 62. ,A section of the annular: body wallof the collar 92 is. cut out as at 94: and to one of this body wall, a block of insulating material 95 is securely fixed. When the parts are assembled, the body wall of the collar 92 is disposed within the 'reduced end of the metal sleeve 87 and in the radial plane of the circuit closing contact strip 90. A coiled torsional spring 96 is engaged upon the upper end of the shaft 62 within the annular collar 92 and has oneof its ends fixed to the reduced end 93 of said collar and its other end fixed to the hub 85 of the gear 81. A third circuit closing contact spring 97 is fixed at one end to'the insulating bar 7 3 and at its other or free end has frictional bearing engagement upon the body portion of the sleeve87. a I

' Solenoids 98 are arranged at diametrically opposite sides of the record R and on relatively opposite sides of the axis of the table 53. The core rod 99of-each solenoid is con- .nected to the upper: end of a brake bar or lever 100 the l ower end of whichhas a ball and socket mounting 101 in the bed'plate'of the phonograph. In spaced relation to each of the brake levers 100, a fixed vertical post or standard 102 is mounted' upon the bed plate. This standard at its upper endfhas a beveled or chamfered face 103 with which a beveled face 104: on the brake lever 100 is adapted to'engage. Above'th'is beveled face .104 the lever 100 is provided with 'a brake block 105 of suitable friction material which is adapted for engagement with the perimeter of the record disk. -.To each brake lever 100'one end of a coiled contractile spring 106 isatta'ched adjacent the upper end of the lever, the other end of the spring being connected toia tension adjusting or regulating screw 107d1101111tdi11 a standard "108 in the bed plate of the machine. ;It will be noted from referenceto Figure-3that the springs 106 are'dis posed'at' a downward inclination from the brake leveis and extend inwardly beneath the record disk. Thus the springs normally tend to pull the upper e nds of the brake levers circumferentially with respect to the disk and inwardly to-engage "and. having a reduced end fixed -the friotionhlocks 105 withthe edge of the disk. a.

u The corresponding terminals of the sole noids '98 are connected by the wire 109. The other-terminahof one solenoid is connected lto;a suitable source of electrical current, and theethal: terminalof the other solenoid is connectedsby the wire 110 to the circuit closing contact 97. v I

:J Il have-alsodevised .means whereby the reels-fonthetape'el2 can-he easily and quickly removed. and have' also provided simple and effective ,means -for axially adjusting. the reelszwhereby the two 'reels may be properly aligned to: assure the free winding movement of rtheitape or'web without binding in the "operation/ 0f the machine. To this end, Etherefore51 provide for. the upper reel 9 the lsemi-circular .liriction pads .111 fixed upon .theihifurcated ends of the. spring plates 112 and 113 respectively. These plates at one of theiut ends are .secured to the inneriaces of the: spaced uprights 5 of Sand a pressure. regulating screw 114 has --bearing engagement with the free end of thevapring plate 113 whereby the: desired frictional pressure of the pad 111 on said plate against the-side of the reel 9 may be fobtainedi' The, other spring, plate 112 is provided with an angularl offset medial portion. 115 and :an adjusting. screw 116 !t.-hreaded-.-in.the frame upright: 5 below the offset llfiinsaid, spaced plate is provided to vary the pressurefof the pad 111 against 'the opposite side of the reel 9. This pad quay be released from frictional contact with thereel to permitiof the axial adjustment of the reel-by themanipulation of the screw 1114,- and forthis purpose I provide a rod 117 axially shiftahle in' the frame upright?) to the .bifurcatedend of the plate 112.

The axis 11 or" the lower reel 10 has a bore 118 formed in one end thereof. An arm l19-is pivotally mounted at one of its ends as at 120 upon the frame upright 5 'for lateral swinging movement. The other end of this arm'is split as at 121, the split portlons' being connected by a clamping :sorew 122. This split end of the arm'is provided with a threaded opening to receive the threaded shank 124 of a flanged sleeve Upon this sleeve an annulus 123 is One end of a the reel 10. A rod or pin 126 extends -through the sleeve 123 and said rod in one position is engaged in the bore 113 of the reel-axis. 11. This rod isprovided with fspaced annular grooves 127 and 128 in its periphery, and in the operative position of i said rod or pin the free end of a wire spring 129 15' engagedinzthe groove 127 which 18 nearest the end of said rod Thus the'rod the reel frame 126 coacting with the axis of the reel 10 supports the reel in the frame. The pres sure of the spring 125 against the reel may be regulated and adjusted by turning the flanged sleeve 123 as will be readily understood. The pivoted end of the arm 119 is provided with an extension adapted to be connected to the member llidpivoted as at 1317 .on the frame member 5, by means of "the screw 137. This screw is adapted to be removed and the part 136 swung upon its pivot out of the path of movement of the .can be removed through the skeletonized frame upright 5. It is of course understood that one end of the spring-125 will.

be fixcd to the flanged sleeve 123 so as to obviate the possible loss of said spring.

The other end of the reel axis 11 is reduced in diameter as at 130 and is axially bored, the outer end of said bore being threaded to receive the threaded shank portion-of a rod 131; A plate-or disk 132 is loosely engaged'on the shaft 11 and is provided with a friction'pad 133 for engagement with the reel 10. This plate is provided with hearing lugs'to receive the ends of a pin 13 1 which is movable ina slot 135 formed in the body of the reel axis 11. \Vith this pin-13 1, theinner end of the adjustablerod 131 is engaged- Thus it will be obvious that by the adjustment of this .rod 131,'the frictional pressure of the pad -111Cl1flI1lS111 will be understood as follows:

Two or more sound reproducing machines .ma-y beused in connection with the picture projecting apparatus, and while I have shown tour-such machines 1n the accompanying drawings, two reproducing machines will sufiice for any length of film, as the record-on one machine can be changed or replaced by a new record while the other machine is inoperation, and the current again directed for the control of the first machine when the second is exhausted.-

However, when it'is necessary to reproduce a multiplicity of different sounds so that they will be readily distinguishable, even a larger number of phonograph machines than as herein illustrated may be provided,

it being only necessary to increase the width of the tape or web 42 and the number oi? rows of perforations 52 in said tape with a corresponding'increase in the number of the conductors 36.

As above stated, it is essential in the operation ofthe escapement mechanism of the phonograph'lin order that the perfect synchronizationot the two machines shall be obtainedQthat the escapenient wheels or ratchets shall stop and start at maximum-operating speed. To insure this result I provide the flexible or yieldable connection between the'escapement mechanism and the. electrical control means for the record dislr brakes above referred to so that the record disc will be in advance of the escapement.mechanisin, or in other words when the phonograph is not in operation. there will be a tension upon ;;the operating gearing for the phonograph fdisk table. which tension augmented b the action of the electroinagnets 78 which insures the instant operation oi the escapement mechanism at maximum speed when the circuit is alternately closed through the magnets. Assuming that the brakes are applied to theedge of the record disk, when a 'point' is reached in the projection oi the filin pictures which is to be accompanied by spoken words or sounds from one. of the re.-

p'r oglncing machines; one of the spring pressed pinsin one of the conductors 36 corresponding to the reproducing machine is projected by the resilient band 41 through one of the apertures or perforations in one row in the tape 42 so that the pin will contact witlr'the current conducting sleeve 18. A circuit will thcrefore be closed through the wire 4 1, spring contact 43. sleeve 18. pin

39, ring 36, contact 4'7, wire 49, magnet 78.

wire 79, and spring contact '72 to the ratchet 69 and through the pawl in contact with said ratchet to the ground.

As stated above, the teeth 76 at the Oppu' 45 site ends-of the double pawl 74- are. laterally offsetso that one tooth engages the upper ratchet or escapement wheel (59 and the other tooth the lower ratchet or escapeinent wheel 69 (see Fig. 5). Referring to Fig. at it will be seen that the wire 79 which is conne;tcd

to the inner magnet 78, extends to the lower contact plate or brush 72, which latter at its free end engages the annular shoulder 71 of the lower ratchet wheel 69 (see Figs. 3 and 7). In Fig. 4 the tooth T6 of pawl 74. which is offset in the plane of the lower ratchet wheel 69, is shown engaged therewith and the tooth offset in the plane of the upper ratchet wheel is disengaged. Hence with the parts in the position shown in if at and in the initial operation above described the current will flow through the inner magnet (Fig. 4) to the wire 79 which connects with the lower spring contact (Fig. 3) and (35 through that spring contact to the lower ratcl'ret wheel 69.

he inner magnet 78 being thus energized. its core will immediately act on the. terminal lug 77 (see Fig. 4:) to disengage the tooth 76 from the lower ratchet wheel and to move the opposite tooth into position toengage a tooth of the upper ratchet wheel-as soon as the ratchet wheels have been rotated into engagement therewith.

Thereupon when the next succeeding tooth "5 engages through the neat succeeding perioration with the sleeve l8 the current will flow to brush 4:? and wire L9 to the magnets '78. and the outer magnet" will be energized and the upper tooth 76 disengaged "froni 'the 80 upper ratchet wheel and the lower tooth'reengaged with the lower ratchet wheel; and so on as long as succeeding pins 39 engage through perforations with the current conducting hand 18. The magnets 78 will be alternately energized and the teeth 76-211- ternateiv withdrawn from the. upper and lower ratchet wheels. 3

lleierring again to the initial operation. iinn'icdiatel v upon the operation'of the escapcmcnt mechanism. the spring 96 which is normally nider tension operates to rotate the escapcment ratchets and shaft 62 at maximum speed. in the initialoperation"the collal'f is rotated to engage its wall' with the inwardlv'otfset end of the hand which is mounted on the. sleeve 87. Fig. 6 shows the position after said initial operation, the collar 92 having bcen'rotated in theinitial operation into contacting engagement withthe inwardly offsetend of the band 90. In this figure the parts are viewed from-below whereas in the adjacent Fig. 7, showingthe escapement ratchet wheels 69. the view is from above. Hence in 'Fig. "7 the movement of the wheels ai'ipears as a clockwise movement. whereas in Fig. (i the associated escapenient parts appear as moving in an anticlockwise direction. in reality, of course, they ali more in the same direction, being operatively connected together. the apparent difference of direction being due to the different point of view. the one from above and the'other from below. By reference to Fig. showing, in section. all of the parts shown in Figs. (3 and 7, it will be apparent how the par s viewed from above will appear to move in a clockwise direction. whereas viewed from below they wiil appcaras moving in the opposite direction.

By the contacting engagement of the inwardly oli'set end of the band 90 with the collar 92, as shown in Fig. 6, the second electric circuit is closed. namely the circuit taking its current t'rozn a source of supply, as 1 illustrated in Fig. l by the feed wire (unnumbered) extending above the left hand magnet 95; in the figure. hence through connecting wire 109 to the left hand magnet 98 (same fignre) and thence through wire 110,

spring contact 07, sleeve 87, bar 90, collar 92 and shaft 62 to the ground. The core rods 05) oi the solenoids 98 will be retracted and move the brake blocks 100in a clockwise direction, thus first starting the record disc table R at maximum speed and then disengaging the brake shoes 105 on said blocks from the edge of the record disk. The in clined faces 104 on the brake blocks 100 contacting with the faces 103 of the standards 1053, eti'ects an outward lateral movement of the brake blocks 100 against the action of the springs 106 so that the brake shoes 105 will be prevented from being drawn into braking engagement with the edge of the disk by said springs. The disk being thus released after having been brought up to maximum speed, the motor opera-ted gear 61 which drives the disk table continues to rotate the table at maximum speed so long as the electric impulses continue to be imparted from the synchronizer or synchronizing machine, through the. circuits +14) tothe phonographs 50, as is graphically illustrated in Figures 2 and 12, to operate. the escapement ratchets 69, as is also graphically illustrated in Figure 12.

It is obvious from the above that after the disengagement of one tooth 76 from its ratchet wheel, the ratchet wheels must rotate far enough to engage the other tooth us with its ratchet wheel, because the teeth of the two ratchet wheels are staggered relatively to each other (see Fig. 7), and thecurrent will only flow through the tooth 76 to the ground upon such engagement. Hence there must be a step by step movement of the escapement, as is common in all escapements.

But since the phonograph record table R is meantime rotating continuously, as is necessary in order to maintain its momentum and maximum speed and for correct musical effect and the spoken words, it will be obvious that some means must be provided to rotate the esca-pement or ratchet wheels at a relatively higher speed than that o'tgthe record table R, during the portions of the whole period of rotation of the table R in which the wheels 69 are rotating. This is necessary in order to preserve the synchronism. The means provided for this purpose consist of the coiled wire tension spring 96, interposed between the escapement mechanism and the gear 81, which latter rotates with the phonograph record table B. This spring provides flexibility between the escapcment and the phonograph which permits ot a. continuous rotation of the phonograph at uniform speed. while the escapement is performing its step by step movement in synchronism therewith. This operation continues long as one of the pins 39 is in engagement with the sleeve 18 through the perforated tape 42, the magnets 78 being alternately energized to operate the escapement pawl 74 as will be readily understood. Oi course when there is a break "1" AVAELABLE in the row of perforations 52, the pins mounted in the ring 86 will be forced inwardly against the action of the resilient band a1 as they successively contact with the imperlorate portion of the tape, and the circuit is then broken so that the operation of the escapement mechanism instantly stops, and the o-fiset terminal of the band 90 on the sleeve 87 is moved out of engagement with the collar 92, until the ottset in the band con tacts with the insulating block 95 on said collar. Thus the circuit for the solenoids 98 is also broken and the contractile springs 106 immediately act to engage the friction shoes 105 on the'brake blocks 100 with the edge of the record disc, thus bringing the latter to an abrupt step. In this relative rotation of the disk table with respect to the escapement mechanism, the spring 96 is again placed under maximum tension so that it will operate to actuate the esca-pement mechanism at maximum speed when the circuit is again closed, and thereby also engage the band 90 to close the circuit of the brake mechanism.

Thus the record may be set as far in advance of the operation of the escapcment mechanism as may be necessary in order to secure the proper tension on the spring 96, while the offset terminal of the band 90 will maintain the same starting position with re spect to the collar 92 owing to the fact that the band will engage the insulating block 95 and be held against further rotation with the hub 85 of the gear 81.

My two electric circuits have been enumerated above, and the succeeding parts of each channel enunciated in detail and it is clear from the description that the two circuits no where overlap or lead into each other. Nevertheless the second circuit is automatically operated from the first. The

movement with gear 81 and the phonograph, not yet released for movement. But the relative movement of the band 90 and the collar 92 into and out of engagement with each other, constitutesthe closing and opening of the second circuit switch, namely of the one having its current flowing through solenoids 98. These solenoids are accordingly energized by the closing of said switch 90-92 and serve by the means of shoe brakes 103 to start the phonograph at maximum speed, to enable it to keep up V phonograph at maximum speed and to maintain it in synchronism with the picture projecting machine or a plurality of phonographs with each other. It is further obvious,'fas"already stated, that the moving picture projecting machine may be dispensed with and the synchronizing apparatus driven by any other means. The shaft shown in Fig. 1, having the sprocket gear 32 and the sprocket chain 31 to the synchronizing apparatus, may be driven by any other means than a picture projection machine. Finally' it is obvious that the phonograph may also be discarded as a sound reproducing machine and the record'disc R become a mere part of an electrical switching device to perform the functions above described, for any purpose.

In practice, after the film has been developed and the records made, a distinguishing'mark is made on the film at a few feet froin 'the beginning of the film to indicate thestarting point. The tape 42 in the synchronizing mechanism has a corresponding 'indi'cativemark thereon. In the event that a break should occur in the picture film'and say four pictures are taken out. a length of the tape 42 equivalent to the distance between four of the perforations in the tape, is removed so that perfect synchronism will be established when the sound reproducing machine is again operated. it is of course also understood that the reproducing needle or stylus is offset at a point in the record groove corresponding to the starting point on the tape 42.

When it is necessary to adjust the tape or web 42 for the proper positioning of the rows of perforations with respect to the circuit closer 36 and in relation to the picture film in starting, the pin 29 is pulled outwardly so that the gear 25 is shifted axially through the medium of the resilient arm 28 out of meshing engagement with the gear 35. The tape may then be withdrawn from the reel 9 and wound upon the reel 10 without rotating the shaft 34 carrying the circuit closing rings 36.

In Figure 11 of the drawings 1 have shown a slightly modified means for closing the circuit controlling the operation of the escapement mechanism, wherein the shaft ,34 and the rings 36 carrying the pins 39 are dispensed with, and the spring contact 5' AVAZLABLE CCJF:

members 47 have their free ends or terminals formed for engagement through the rows of perforations in the tape 42 and directly upon the current conducting sleeve 18. While this arrangement is somewhat simpler than that hereinbefore referred to, the provision of the spring pressed pins 39 insures a more effective contact with the circuit closing sleeve and for a relatively long period of time so that there will be no breakage in the continuity of the current.

From the foregoing description takenin connection with the accompanying drawing, the construction, manner of operation and several advantages of my improved synchronizing mechanism will be clearly and fully understood. \Vhile the inventionis adapted for use in the synchronization of the operation of sound reproducing machines and picture projecting apparatus, it will at once be manifest that the mechanism may also be advantageously employed for operation in various other machines, such for instance, as those used in display advertising, electrical signs and stereopticon lectures, as well as in synchronizing sound reproducing or musical machines with each other, independently of any picture projecting apparatus. The mechanism as a whole is comparatively simple in its construction as well as positive and reliable in operation. lVhile I have herein shown and described the present preferred construction and arrangement of the several parts, it is to be understood that the mechanism is susceptible of many modifications therein and I therefore reserve the privilege of ado ting all such legitimate changes as may be airly embodied within the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is z L 1. The combination with two machines adapted to be operated in synchronized rela tion, of mechanismhaving an electric circuit and operable to start the operation of one of said machines, means having a second electric circuit automatically closed upon the closing of the first said circuit to effect said initial operation at maximum effective speed, and means operatively controlled by the other of said machines to effect the operation of said mechanism and said means at predetermined times.

9. The combination with two machines adapted to be operated in synchronized relation. of electrically controlled mechanism having a circuit and operable to start the operation of one of said machines, electrically controlled means having a second circuit automatically closed upon the dos ing of the first said circuit to effect said initial operation at maximum effective ssispeed, and 1 means cooperatively. associated with the otherof said machines totclosesaid circuits at predetermined times in the op-v eration of the lattenmachine.

3. The combination with two machines adapted to beoperated in, synchronized relation, of mechanism operable to. start the operation of .one ot said machines, acirouit controlling said mechanism, said circuit be-. ing nudercontrol .ofthe otherwot saidima chines, a ,second. circuit, means operating when the second circuitis closed to. .eit'ect the. operation, of the, .said one. machine at maximum effective speed and when the second circuit is opened,- to abruptly, stop, the said one :machine, and means: automatically operating, when the said mechanism started, to close saidsecond circuit and when said. mechanism is stopped to opensaid secr 0nd circuit.

' a. The combination with two= machines adapted to .be.- operatedtin synchronizing relation, otmechanisnoperable to start ithe operation of one. of said machines, a.=circuit controllingsaid mechanism, means co-operativel-y associated with .the other ofsaid machines to close and open said fcircuit at predetermined. times, a. second. circuit, means operati g,,-When vthetsecond circuit is closed, to .efi'ect-the .operation. oat the. said one machine at .maximum. effective speed, and whenthe saidsecondcircuit is opened, to abruptly stop thesaid one machine, and means controlling .the second circuit. and rendered operable by the operation of the said one machine .to open the. second .cirr cuit after. the first circuit, is, openeda.,,

5. The comb-inationwith two machines to be operated in synchronized relation, of electrically controlled mechanism. operable to start the operation of. one of said ma.- chines at maximum effective speed, acircuit therefor, means cooperatively-associated with the other of said machinesto closethe circuit at predetermined times, and means rendered operableby the operation of the first named machine after the circuit for said mechanism is broken, to stop the continued operation of the first name-d machine, said mechanism including apart rendered effective. bythe subsequent operation of said first named machine to start the op; eration of said mechanism at 'maximum speed when the circuit therefor is closed.

6. The combination with two machines to be operated. in synchronized relation, of mechanism controlling the operation of one of said machines, means operatively associated with the other machine .to effect the operation of said mechanism at. predetermined times, means to prevent the operation of tlie first named machine when said mechanism is inactive and means automatically operated upon the initial acwaaasts tuation of said" mechanism to efiect the operation of said .last named means and thereby permit the'operation of the first named machine. I

7. The combination with two mach' res to be operated in synchronized relation, of mechanism controlling the operation of one of said machines, means cooperatively associated with the other machine to effect the operation of said mechanism at predeten mined times,-mean s.to prevent the-operation of said firstJnamed machine when said mechanism. is inactive,el ectrica1 means to render the. last named means inoperative anda circuit therefor, and means-fol .16s.- ing, saidcirouitkoperatedupon the initial actuatiomof said -mechanism to therebyper mit of the. operation ofthe first named 'machine.

,8. The combination with two machine tc be. operated. in. synchronized relation oi mechanism controlling the operation of'one of saidjmachines, electrical means to efi'ect the operation of saidmechanism. having a circuit, means cooperatively associated "with the other machine, to close said circuit at predetermined times, means to prevent the operationot the first named machine when said mechanism is inactive, and means auto,- matically, operated upon thfefinitial actua: tion .ofsaid mechanism to effect the operationof said last named. means and permit the, first named machine. to. operate.

9. The combination withtwo. machines to be operated in s nchronized relation, of mechanism contro 'ing the operation of one of: said machines,.electri cal. means to. eflect .the .operation of said mechanism having a circuit, means cooperatively associated with the other machine to-olose said circuit at predetermined times; means to prevent the operation of the first named machine when said mechanism iszinactive, electrical means operable .to. render said. .last named "means inoperative, and; means operated in the initial actuation: of said mechanism, to. close the circuit. for said electrical .means and thereby permit the. first .named machine. to operate 10. The combination .with twomachines to be operated in synchronized relation, of mechanism-automatically controlled by one of said machinesto effect the operation of the-other. machine at predetermined: tiines during the operation of the firstnamed machine, said mechanism including .means rendered operable by the-second named inachine in its operation to: effect theoperation of the second I named machineat maximum effective speed inthe initial'actuation of said mechanism.

11. The combination with two machines to .be operated in: synchronized relation, :of electrically controlled mechanism cooperatively associated with one of said machines to efiect the operation of the other machine at predetermined times in'the operation of the firstnamed machine, said-mechanism in eluding means rendered operable by the second named machine in its operation to effect the operation of the second named machine at maximum effective speed in the initial actuation of-said mechanism.

12. The combination with two machines to lie-operated in synchronized relation, electrically controlled mechanism cooperatively associated with one of said machines to effect the-operation of the other machine at predetermined times in the operation of the first named machine, said mechanism ineluding a movable perforated tape and circuit closing means operable through the perforations in the tape, said mechanism further including means rendered operable by the second named machine in its operation :to effect thetoperation of the second named machine at maximum effective speed in the initial actuation of said mechanism.

' 13. The combination with two machines to be operated in synchronized relation, of

mechanism automatically controlled by one of, said machines-to effect the operation of the 'othermachine at predetermined times during the operation of the first named machine, said mechanism including means rendered operable by the second named machine in its operation to effect the operation of the second named machine at maximum effective speed in the initial actuation of said mechanism, mechanically applied brake means for the second named machine, and electrical means rendered operable in the initial actuation of said mechanism to eifect the release-of said brakes and permit the operation of said machine.

14. The combination with two machines to be operated in synchronized relation, of power propelling means and an escapement mechanism controlling the operation of one of said machines, means cooperatively asso ciated with the other machine to effect the ciated with the other machine to ffect the operation of said mechanism at predetermined times, automatically operable stop means for the first named machine, said ma chine operating for a limited time after the escapement mechanism becomes inactive and prior to the effective op ration of said stop means, and means rendered operable during such operation of said machine to effect the initial operation of said escapement mechanism at maximum speed.

16. The combination with two machines to be operated in synchronized relation, of power propelling means and an escapement mechanism controlling the operation of one of said machines, means cooperatively associated with the other machine to effect the operation of said mechanism at predetermined times, automatically operable stop means for the first named machine, said rmr chine operating for a limited time after the escapement mechanism becomes inactive and prior to the effective operation of said stop means, and means constituting the operating connection between the operating means for said machine and the escapement mecha nism rendered operable during such limited operation of the first named machine to effect the initial actuation of said escapement mechanism at maximum speed.

1'7. The con'ibination with two machines to be operated in synchronized relation, of power propelling means and an es-capement mechanism controlling the operation of one of said machines, electrical means cooperatively associated with the other machine to automatically effect the operation of said mechanism at predetermined times, and a tensionable element constituting the operating connection between the operating means of said first named machine and said escapement mechanism adapted to effect the initial actuation ofthe escapement mechanism at maximum speed.

18. The combination with two machines to be operated in synchronized relation, of power propelling means and an cscapem it mechanism controlling the opera ion of one of said machines, means cooperativelv associated with the other machine to effect the operation of said mechanism at predetermined times. normally effective stop means preventing the operation of the first named machine, electrically controlled means to render the stop means ineifective and permit. the operation of said machine. a circuit there for. and a circuit closer automatically actuated in the initial actuation of the escapement mechanism.

19. The combination with two machines to be operated in synchronized relation, of power propelling means and an escapcment mechanism controlling the operation of one of said machines, means cooperatively associated with the other machine to effect the operation of said mechanism at predetermined times, normally effective stop means preventing the operation of the first named machine, electrically controlled means to render the stop means ineffective and permit the operation of said machine, a circuit therefor, and a circuit closer automatically operable in the initial actuation of the escapeinent mechanism, said circuit closer including a conductor carried by one of the elements of the operating mechanism for said first named machine and a contact member to engage said conductor carried by one of the elements of the escapement mechanism.

20. The combination with two machines to be operated in synchronized relation, of power propelling means and an escapement mechanism controlling the operation of one of said machines, means cooperatively associated with the other machine to effect theoperation of said mechanism at predetermined times, normally effective stop means preventing the operation of the first named machine, electrically controlled means to render the stop means ineffective and permit the operation of said machine, a circuit therefor, and a circuit closer automatically operable in the initial actuation of the escapement mechanism, said circuit closer including a conductor carried by one of the-elements of the operating mechanism for said'first named machine, a contact member to engage said conductor carried by one of the elements of the escapement mecha nism, said machine operating for a limited time after the escapem'ent mechanism becomes inactive whereby the conductor is disengaged from said contact to break the circuit and permit'the stop means to return to its eflfective position, and means rendered operable during suchoperation of the machine to effect the initial actuation of the escapement mechanism at maximum speed upon the subsequent operation of said mechanism.

21. The combination with two machines to be operated in synchronized relation, oi power propelling means and an escapement mechanism controlling the operation of one of said machines, means cooperatively associated with the other machine to effect the operation of said mechanism at predetermined times, normally effective stop means preventing the operation of the first named machine, electrically controlled means to render the stop means ineffective and permit the operation of said machine, a circuit therefor, and circuit closer automatically operable in the initial actuation of the escapement mechanism, said circuit closer including a conductor carried by one of the elements of the operating mechanism tor said first named machine. a contact member to engage said conductor carried by one of the elements of the escapement mechanism, said machine operating for a limited time after the escapement mechanism becomes inactive whereby the conductor is disengaged from said contact to break the circuit and permit the stop means to return to its means preventing the operationof the 'first named machine, electricallycontrolled means to render the stop means ineffective and permit the operation of said machine, a circuit therefor, and acircuit closer-1 auto'r matically operable in the. initial actuation of the escapement mechanism, said circuit closer including. a;movable conductor car; ried by one of the elements operatiVlyconnecting the escapement mechanism with said machine, and a contact membercarried by a part of the escapement mechanism to coact with said conductor, said'niachine operating. for a limited time after the escapement mechanism becomes inactive where by said conductor isrmoved bysaidelement out of engagement with the contact to break the circuit of the stop means and permit of theell'ective operation thereof.

1ncombination,:.a soundf reproducing instrument, propelling :power therefor, an eseapement to control: said instrument against the propelling power and; means-for actuating the escapement, said. means including a synchronizer and-anelectric circuit from the synchronizer to the escapement and a perforated tape at thesynchronizer for selectively making and breaking the current in said circuit.

24. In combination, a plurality of sound reproducing instruments; propelling power therefor, an escapement to control. each sound reproducing instrument against its propelling power and'means for actuating the several escapements in synchronism with each other, said means includingza synchronizer and an electric circuit from the synchronizer to each escapementiandaperforated tape at the synchronizer for selectively making and breaking the current in! the several circuits.

25. The combination with-a movingipicture projecting apparatus, anda'plurality of sound reproducing machines, of electricall controlled escapementmmchanisms associated each with one oithe sound reproducin 'machines and controlling the 1 opera tion thereof, a circuit for each'escapement mechanism, and circuit control means cooperatively associated with the picture projecting apparatus, and including means whereby while the picture projecting apparatus is continuously operating the circuits of the several escapement mechanisms may be made and broken independently of each other and at varying intervals.

26. The combination with-a moving picture projecting apparatus and a'plura'lity of sound reproducing machines'to be operated in synchronized relation withsaid apparatus, of an electrically operated escapement mechanism-[for each sound .reproducing machine controlling the operationthereof, and means cooperatively associated with the picture projecting apparatus to make and break the circuits of the several .escapementmechw nisms, at predetermined times and synchronously operate the sound reproducing machines independently of each other, said means including a perforated .tape operable in timed .rel ation with the picture projecting apparatus and circuit closing contacts zengageable through the perforations in the tape to close the respective circuits.

27. The combination with ,a moving picture projecting apparatus and a plurality-of sound reproducing machines to be operated in synchronized relation with said apparatus, of. an electrically operated escapement mechanism for each sound reproducing machine controlling the operation thereof, and means cooperatively associated with the picture projecting apparatus to make and'break'the circuits of the several escapement mechanisms at predetermined timesand synchronously operate the sound reproducing machines independently of each other, saidmeans includmg a tape operable in timed relation with the picture projectingapparatus and provided with. spaced rows of perforations corresponding to thenumber of sound reproducing. machines, and a series of yieldable contact members engageable through the respective series of perforations in the tape to close .the circuits for the several escapement mechanisms.

, periods.

29. The combination with amoving picture projectingapparatus-and a sound reproducing machine, of means for synchroniz ing the operation of sa d machines includ- 'ing an escapement "mechanism controlling thevoperation of the sound reproducing machlne, means operatlvely associated with the moving picture projecting apparatus to eiiect the operation of the escapement mechanism at predetermined times, and additional means automatically operable to effect the initialactuation of the escapement mechanism at maximum speed.

ture projecting apparatus and a sound reproducing. machine, of means for synchronizingthe operation of said machines including an escapement mechanism control- ,ling the operation of'the sound reproducing machine, normally effective brake .means for the sound reproducing machine, means .associated with the moving picture projecting apparatus for e'ffectingthe release of the brake means-and the actuation of the escapement mechanism, and means constituting part of the operatingconnection between the escapement mechanism and the sound reproducing-machine for effecting the initial actuation of the escapement mechanism at maximum speed.

"32. The combination with a moving picture projectingapparatus and a sound reproducing machine, 01 111163115 for synchronizing the operation of said machines includingpropelling power and ran escapement mechanism controlling the operation of the sound reproducing machine, :brake -means normally effective to prevent the operation of the sound reproducing machine, means operatively associated with the moving picture projecting apparatus to effect the release of the brake means, and additional means operable subsequently to said release to actuate the escapement mechanism at maximum speed.

33.'The combination with a moving picture projecting apparatus and a sound reproducing machine, o'fmeans for synchronizing the operation of said machines including an escapement mechanism controlling. the operation .ofthe; sound reproducing machine, a' normally effective brake 'forsaid machine, means operatively associated with the picture projecting apparatus to release the brake at predetermined times, means automatically operable'to effect the actuation of .the escapement mechanism, and

means constituting-the operative connection AVAZLABLE 5 between the escapement mechanism and the sound reproducing machine and operable in dependently of the mechanism prior to the application of the brake to effect the subsequent initial actuation of the escapement mechanism at maximum speed.

34. The combination with a moving pic- .ture projecting apparatus, and a plurality of ciated starting and stopping mechanism to start its sound reproducing machine at maximum speed and abruptly stop it, and synchronizing mechanism connected to and automatically operable by a moving picture projecting machine and having means for independently controlling each of the first said means.

35. The combination with a moving picture projecting apparatus and a plurality of sound reproducin machines. to be operated in synchronous reIation with said apparatus,

of an escapement mechanism for each sound reproducing machine controlling the operation thereof, and means common to all of the escapement mechanisms associated with the picture projecting apparatus to effect the actuation of the escapement mechanisms at predetermined times and synchronously operate the sound reproducing machines independently of each other.

36. The combination, with a picture projecting machine and a sound reproducing machine, of an escapement to control the soundreproducing machine, a synchronizing mechanism operable from the picture projection machine, an electric circuit from the synchronizing mechanism to the escapement and means in the said mechanism to selectively make and break the current in said circuit to selectively'control the operation of the escapement.

37. In combination with a sound reproducing machine, an escapement mechanism operatively geared to said machine and controlling the operation thereof, and means associated with the connecting gearing and rendered effective by the operation thereof to initially actuate the escapement mechanism at maximum speed.

38. In combination with a sound reproducing machine, an escapement mechanism operatively geared to said machine, and controlling the operation thereof, a normally effective brake for said machine and means for automatically releasing said brake at predetermined times, and means associated with the gearing connecting the escapement mechanism to said machine and rendered effective by the operation of said gearing to initially actuate the escapement mechanism at maximum speed.

39. In combination with a sound reproducing machine, an escapement mechanism operatively geared to said machine and controlling the operation thereof, a normally effective brake preventing the operation of said machine, means to release said brake at predetermined times, means for automatically interrupting the operation of the escapement mechanism prior to. the application of the brake, and means automatically rendered effective prior to the application of the brake to initially actuate the'escapement mechanism at maximum speed in the subse quent operation thereof. a.

40. Incombination with a sound reproducing machine, an escapement mechanism operatively geared to the operating-means for said machine, means for automatically controlling the operation of the escapement mechanism, a normally effective brake for said machine, electrically controlled'releasing means for said'brake, and a circuit therefor, and circuit closing means automatically operated in the initial actuation of the es capement mechanism to close said circui and release the brake.

41. In combination with a sound reproducing machine, an escapement mechanism operatively geared to the operating means for said machine, means for automatically controlling the operation of the escapement mechanism, a normally effective brakefor said machine, means for releasing'the brake, and means automatically operated in the initial. actuation of the escapement mechanism to render said brake releasing means operative and permit of the operation of the machine.

42. The combination with two machines to be operated in synchronized relation, of mechanism controlling the operation of one of said machines, means co-operatively associated with the other machinetovautomatically effect the operation of said mechanism at predetermined times, and means-rendered effective by the operation of the first named machine to initially actuate said mechanism at maximum speed. 43. The combination with two machines to be operated in synchronized relation, of electrically controlled mechanism co-operatively associated with one of said machines to operate the other machine at predetermined times, and means rendered effective by the operation of the latter machine to initially actuate said mechanism at maximum speed. I

44. The combination with tWo machines adapted to be operated in synchronized relation, of mechanism cooperatively associated with one of-said machines and automatically controlled thereby to effect the initial actuation of the other machine, means whereby the initial actuation of the said other machine may be made at maximum speed, and means for automatically effecting the actuation of last said means when said mechanism is operated, to effect the initial actuation of said other machine.

45. The combination with a plurality of independently power driven machines, of means associated with each machine for initially starting each machine at maximum speed and for abruptly stopping said ma chine,.a synchronizing mechanism,, and a plurality of' means controlled individually and'independently of each other by the synchronizing mechanism and each including means for automatically controlling the action of its associated starting and stopping means. 1

4C6. Thecombination with a sound reproducing machine, of an escapement mechanism controlling the operation of said machine, and means rendered effective by the opera jtion of said machine to initially actuate the escapement mechanism at maximum speed.

.47. The oombination'with a sound reproducing machine, of an escapement mechanism controlling the operation of said machine, a normally eifective brake for the sound reproducing machine, means for automatically releasing said brake at predetermined times, and means rendered effective by the operation of said machine to initiallv actuate the escapement mechanism at maxi mum speed.

48. The combination with a plurality of independently power driven machines of a synchronizing mechanism for controlling the machines, and mechanisms associated with each power driven machine and interposed between the synchronizing mechanism and such machine, and subject to control by the synchronizing mechanism and including means for automatically initially starting each power driven machine at maximum speed and abruptly stopping each power driven machine.

49. In combination, a musical instrument, propelling power therefor, an escapement to control said instrument against the propelling power, means for actuating the escapement to permit operation of the musical instrument under the influence of the propelling power, and a clutch mechanism electrically actuated by the escapement actuating means for starting the musical instrument at maximum speed upon the initial operation of the escapement and mechanically actuated for bringing the said instrument from full maximum speed to stark stand still instantly the actuation of the escapement ceases.

50. In combination, a sound reproducing machine, propelling power therefor, an escapement to control said machine against the propelling power, means for actuating the lLABLE escapement to permit operation of said machine under the influence of the propelling power, and a clutch mechanism electrically actuated by the escapement actuating means for starting the sound reproducing instrument at maximum speed upon the initial operation of the escapement and mechanically actuated for bringing the said instrument from full maximum speed to stark stand still instantly the actuation of the escapement ceases.

51. The combination with a plurality of independently power driven machines" of mechanisms associated with each machine for initially starting it at maximum speedand for abruptly stopping it, and a continuously operating synchronizing mechanism, including means for independently control ling each said starting and stopping means.

52. The combination, with a moving picture projecting apparatus and'a phonograph adapted to be operated in synchronized relation, of a synchronizing mechanism co-operatively associated with the picture projecting apparatus, an escapement-cooperatively associated with the phonograph, an electric circuit from the synchronizing mechanismto the escapement and a switch therefor in the synchronizing mechanism timed to open and close the circuit synchronously with the projection of the moving pictures, to effect the step by step operation of the escapement in synchronism therewith. and a flexible connection between the escape ment and the sound reproducing machine, to permit of the transposition 'of the synchro' nized step by step movement of the escapc ment into a continuous movement of the "sound reproducing machine in synchronism with the projection of the moving pictures.

58. In combination, a power driven soun reproducing instrument, propelling power therefor, an escapement to control said instrument against the propelling power, and means for actuating the escapement. said means including an electric circuit and a perforated web for selectively controlling the operation of the several escapements.

54. In combination, a plurality of power driven sound-reproducing instruments, propelling power therefor, an escapement to control each sound-reproducing instrument against its propelling power, and means for actuating the several escapements in synchronism with each other, said means including a plurality of electric circuits and a perforated web for selectively controlling the operation of the several escapements.

55. The combination with a synchronizing apparatus and a plurality of sound reproducing machines adapted to be operated in synchronism with each other, of an escapement mechanism co-operatively associated with each sound reproducing machine. an electric circuit between the synchronizing 

